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Key Points
Paints are divided into liquid and powder paints. Liquid paints are further classified into solution-type and dispersion-type paints, each of which can use organic solvents or water-based diluents.
Classification of Paints by Form
Paints can be broadly classified into liquid and powder forms based on the form of the resin (polymer), which is the main component of the vehicle. Furthermore, liquid paints are divided into ‘solution-type paints’, where the polymer is dissolved in a solvent, and ‘dispersion-type paints’, where the polymer is dispersed as particles.
1. Liquid Paints
Common type where resin and hardener are dissolved in an organic solvent. Known for excellent drying and painting workability, providing uniform coatings.
Liquid paints that become 100% solids. Examples include unsaturated polyester resin paint diluted with styrene and ultraviolet curing paint made by mixing acrylic monomer with oligomer.
Water-soluble paints. These are paints where solvents and diluents are replaced with water. They ionize water-insoluble resins and add hydrophilic functional groups to dissolve them in water. However, to prevent the deterioration of coating performance caused by this, the water-soluble functional groups are converted to hydrophobic through a bridging reaction. Mainly used for baking paints, their demand has increased with the combined use of water-based emulsion paints.
2. Dispersion-Type Paints
Emulsion paints using polymers formed by emulsion polymerization. Emulsion paints are divided into two types: O/W type, where oil particles (polymer particles) are dispersed in water, and W/O type, where water particles are suspended in oil. The O/W type is more common, with lacquer being a representative of the W/O type.
NAD paint. Polymer particles are dispersed in aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents. Developed to reduce emissions of aromatic hydrocarbon solvents due to environmental concerns. Commonly found in architectural uses as weak solvent-type paints.
3. Powder Paints
Paint made by melting and blending resin components with pigments, then finely grinding to a particle size of about 10µm. Their use in industrial painting has expanded due to the minimal presence of VOCs.