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Key Point Note
The components of paint are resin, pigment, solvent, and various additives in small quantities.
Paint is composed of resin, pigment, solvent, and a small amount of additives. The resin dissolves in the solvent, while the pigment is dispersed. The particles of pigment are very tiny, and after painting, they form a coating made of resin and pigment. Some paints don’t contain pigment and are known as clear coatings.
1. Resin:
It’s primarily made from synthetic resins created by polymerizing various small molecules (monomers) through chemical reactions to form paint resins. This process, known as polymerization, categorizes resins into types like acrylic, polyester, and urethane based on the form of chemical reactions. Typically, a combination of multiple monomers is used to tailor the paint’s properties and performance for specific applications. Some resins can be strengthened by adding hardeners or crosslinking agents. Consequently, paint performance is significantly influenced by the type of resin used.
2. Pigment:
Pigments manipulate light within the paint to give color and design to the coating while serving to conceal the underlying object. Pigments are also used for various purposes, such as adjusting the paint’s density, hardness, cost, and preventing metal corrosion by inhibiting rust (anticorrosive pigments).
3. Solvent:
Solvents dissolve the resin within the paint, evenly disperse the pigment, and homogenize the paint and its coating. They also help adjust the paint’s viscosity and facilitate even spreading on the object. Solvents are necessary during painting but later evaporate into the atmosphere. Given the potential for significant emissions of organic solvents causing air pollution and workplace contamination, efforts are underway to reduce organic solvents while maintaining paint performance and transitioning to low-toxicity solvents or harmless water-based alternatives. Additionally, solvent-free powder coatings have been developed.
4. Additives:
Additives come in various types and their roles are often deducible from their names. However, there are many other types of additives used as well.